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Application of hydraulic pump in automobile power steering system

2025-07-31

Hydraulic pumps are core components in automotive power steering systems, and their applications are primarily reflected in the following aspects:

1. Core Function

Power Conversion

Driven by the engine belt, they convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy, delivering high-pressure oil to the steering mechanism (such as the gears/steering valve), reducing driver steering effort by over 70%.

Typical operating pressures range from 7-12 MPa, with vane and gear pumps being common.

Dynamic Pressure Control

An integrated flow-pressure relief valve automatically adjusts oil pressure based on vehicle speed, increasing power assist at low speeds and reducing it at high speeds for enhanced road feel.

2. Comparison of Technological Evolution

Traditional hydraulic systems: Requires continuous operation, resulting in high energy consumption and complex piping (e.g., Chrysler's 1951 mass-produced system).

Electronic hydraulic systems: Pump speed is adjusted by the ECU, reducing energy consumption by over 30% while still maintaining the precise road feel of hydraulic transmission.

3. Impact of Failure

If a hydraulic pump fails, steering effort will increase dramatically, requiring over five times the torque required to complete the turn in extreme cases. Common faults include oil seal leakage (accounting for 45% of the failure rate) and blade wear leading to pressure fluctuations.

Guangdong Haozheng Hydraulic Equipment Co., Ltd.

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Application of hydraulic pump in automobile power steering system

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