Hydraulic pump components are the core power elements of hydraulic systems. Their function is to convert energy and control oil flow through mechanical structures. Their specific functions can be divided into the following three categories:
1. Core Energy Conversion Components
Rotor/Gear Set
A gear pump converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy by creating changes in the sealed chamber through the rotation of meshing gears.
A vane pump's rotor drives the vanes to extend and retract, periodically changing the volume of the sealed chamber to complete the suction and pressure process.
Piston Assembly
Axial piston pumps use a swash plate to reciprocate the piston, generating high-pressure oil output (pressures can reach over 35 MPa).
Radial piston pumps use a star-shaped piston arrangement, making them particularly suitable for high-flow, high-pressure systems.
2. Key Pressure Control Components
Flow Distribution Mechanism
The flow distribution plate divides the working chamber into suction and pressure zones, ensuring unidirectional oil flow.
The flow distribution plate of a variable displacement pump features a pressure-compensating design that automatically adjusts the flow rate based on system pressure.
Relief Valve Assembly
The relief valve integrated into the valve block limits the maximum system pressure, protecting the hydraulic components.